Constructed in 130 AD, Castel Sant’Angelo, perched alongside the Tiber River, stands as a resilient fortress in Rome. Evolving over time, this circular structure enclosed by a rectangular form has witnessed Rome’s narrative unfold.
Serving various roles, it now hosts the National Museum of Castel Sant’Angelo, narrating the city’s history. Despite being overlooked, it offers a captivating journey through Rome’s triumphs, turmoil, and notable figures.
Originally Emperor Hadrian’s family tomb, the castle later transformed into a defensive bastion within the Aurelian walls, safeguarding the esteemed cityscape and offering a unique perspective of Rome atop its rooftop terrace.
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A little history of Castel Sant’Angelo
The Roman Emperor Hadrian built the Castel Sant’Angelo between 130 and 139 AD as a mausoleum for himself, his family, and his heirs.
The building’s appearance was probably very different back then, and it has evolved throughout the ages to become what it is now.
The ashes of Hadrian and also his wife and son (who also passed away in 138 AD), were interred here after his death. The Roman Emperor Caracalla’s remains were placed here for the following 80 years until he died in 217 AD.
The structure was transformed into a stronghold by the fifth century, and it played a crucial role in protecting Rome during the turbulent Middle Ages.
Because of its strong defences, advantageous location beside the Tiber River, and close proximity to the Vatican, the castle served as a suitable haven during times of need.
The secret passageway
In 1277, the Passetto di Borgo, a secret passage, was constructed to connect the Vatican to Castel Sant’Angelo, providing popes with a means of escape during sieges.
For instance, during the sack of Rome in 1527, Pope Clement VII utilized this passageway, saving himself when the Swiss Guards were nearly wiped out.
The castle also served as a luxurious retreat for popes, with the papal apartments adorned by Raphael. However, despite the comforts, some popes faced imprisonment within the same walls.
This dual significance underscores the historical and multifaceted role of Castel Sant’Angelo in accommodating and safeguarding the popes.
The torture dungeon and prison still stand beneath the beds, serving as a chilling reminder of the castle’s darker history. Even the papal states staged executions in the little square inside the castle.
There is beauty and peace in Castel S. Angelo, too, with its treasure troves and artworks, including Renaissance ornamental paintings, despite the walls having witnessed the blood of troops and the screaming of prisoners.
It has also been turned into a movie set, serving as the backdrop for Roman Holiday, starring Audrey Hepburn, and the setting for Dan Brown’s Angels and Demons.
Final word
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